Segundo Rousseau, “o ser humano nasce bom, a sociedade o corrompe”. Já Hobbes afirmava que, em seu estado de natureza, “o homem é o lobo do homem”. Afinal, nascemos bons? Nascemos maus? O que as ciências têm a dizer sobre isso?Confira a primeira parte (de duas) do papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.> OUÇA (49min 14s)*Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.Edição: Reginaldo Cursino.http://naruhodo.b9.com.br*PARCERIA: ALURAAprofunde-se de vez: garantimos conhecimento com profundidade e diversidade, para se tornar um profissional em T - incluindo programação, front-end, data science, devops, ux & design, mobile, inovação & gestão.Navegue sua carreira: são mais de 1300 cursos e novos lançamentos toda semana, além de atualizações e melhorias constantes.Conteúdo imersivo: faça parte de uma comunidade de apaixonados por tudo que é digital. Mergulhe na comunidade Alura.Aproveite o desconto para ouvintes Naruhodo no link:https://bit.ly/naruhodo_alura*REFERÊNCIASThe Evolution of Trust:https://ncase.me/trust/Humans are ultrasocial and emotionalhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/humans-are-ultrasocial-and-emotional/7E30F7AA8263D2E04B22D0B78E12885FThis Is Your Brain on Nationalism: The Biology of Us and Themhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26798085?casa_token=kWsWi-mn7ZAAAAAA%3AJK6eYx-EqAbNeQGBPQPsXYcR8N2Gn3Cw9g0UeEuU2DpGzFRhmL6IzVmDJB0H9a5qgw920oF8hmODno-ExjaGo7lcUVL7NV6cW6PWVd9vw162HXlH3B7b&seq=3Media Anthropology and the Crisis of Factshttps://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003175605-42/media-anthropology-crisis-facts-peter-hervikOxytocin Conditions Intergroup Relations Through Upregulated In-Group Empathy, Cooperation, Conformity, and Defensehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322315002590?casa_token=989MiZ94QGUAAAAA:95c1LNcD-0GowlVP257SY5pi_3jybS21pDZRDuJr7dLXOIz9POsPy2lyQMb2bVudjyGWqORCii0The Social Salience Hypothesis of Oxytocinhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322315006393?casa_token=1m1ld1PZcp4AAAAA:bRiky8U7umAb5EXsWCPZLuF0BjdTrptvwX8NOjpunF0jlT5_kKrsvsgTIvhzKvSuiRVXMJxN_1MThe emergence of human prosociality: aligning with others through feelings, concerns, and normshttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00822/fullProactive prosociality in a cooperatively breeding corvid, the azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana)https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0649Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzeeshttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121448Price's equation made clearhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2019.0361Selection and Covariancehttps://www.nature.com/articles/227520a0Bonobos voluntarily share their own food with othershttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(09)02201-5?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982209022015%3Fshowall%3DtrueEmpathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Ratshttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1210789Prosocial Behavior Leads to Happiness in a Small-Scale Rural Societyhttps://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/features/xge-0000082.pdfGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Moralshttps://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/blog.nus.edu.sg/dist/c/1868/files/2012/12/Kant-Groundwork-ng0pby.pdfHobbes and the Wolf-Man: Melancholy and Animality in Modern Sovereigntyhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23259375The Wolf Motif in the Hobbesian Texthttps://brill.com/view/journals/hobs/23/2/article-p124_2.xml?ebody=Abstract%2FExcerpt#access-options2Spontaneous giving and calculated greedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRZkLKL6QH0Preverbal infants affirm third-party interventions that protect victims from aggressorshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-016-0037Emergence of Lying in Very Young Childrenhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC378884