O estrangeiro

De Albert Camus

Mais conhecida e importante obra de ficção de Albert Camus.

Este livro narra a história de um homem comum que se depara com o absurdo da condição humana depois que comete um crime quase inconscientemente. Meursault, que vivia sua liberdade de ir e vir sem ter consciência dela, subitamente perde-a envolvido pelas circunstâncias e acaba descobrindo uma liberdade maior e mais assustadora na própria capacidade de se autodeterminar. Uma reflexão sobre liberdade e condição humana que deixou marcas profundas no pensamento ocidental. Uma das mais belas narrativas deste século.

• Idioma: Português
• Editora: Record
• Data de lançamento: 7 de jun. de 2019
• ISBN: 9788501117434

Avaliações de O estrangeiro

[mkfs-354306 · Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas]

I was inspired to do a quick re-read of this novel by good ol' Sparky Sweets, PhD.

There are two things that stood out for me, this time.

The first is that the refusal of the character to play the game, and feign even a passing interest in other people, becomes downright comical. His interviews with the magistrate could not possibly leave a worse impression, and even his lawyer tells him: "Just. Shut. Up."

The second is that the story is almost the mirror opposite of Crime and Punishment: the murderer is caught immediately, he is plagued by no guilt, and instead of finding redemption through repentance, he comes to terms with a universe as indifferent to his existence as he is to the existence of others.

EDIT: For those who are counting, the translation in the ebook edition I read is the one that uses execration in the final sentence.

[davadog13 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

The book was slow to hook me as I wasn't caught by the narrator's detached views of the world around him.

It wasn't until later on that I realized that was
a personality trait, not poor narration, and my interest picked up.

***SPOILERS***
When I got into part two, the confused nature of the narrator in regards to legal procedure reminded me of Kafka's The Trial. But his detachment also reminded me of the main Character in American Psycho. Not because of hate or an inability to control himself, but because he didn't grasp concepts of right and wrong or inappropriate behavior. The result was me feeling torn between pitying the guy for being in a predicament he truly didn't understand, and knowing that he did some things that were deserving of harsh punishment. I still don't know for whom I should feel pity, which is something I appreciate when a lot of the time, good and evil are so simply identified.

[sparklegirl_1 · Nota: 2 de 5 estrelas]

I didn't get this novel. Just not my style. I understand that it's part of the style of the book, but it's very blah: I walked home. I ate dinner. I watched people out my window. I smoked. I ate some more. I killed a dude. I was completely unconnected to the story. Which is kinda the point, but I didn't enjoy it.

[jculkin-1 · Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas]

I felt an eerie suspense reading this book as with no other. I felt sympathetic to the protagonist, and really was caught up in this slow haunting atmosphere. Very readable, but on the whole, more entertaining than provoking, and more sour than stimulating. Not much in the way of great one-liners, but for one - the one that saved the novel for me.

I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe.
To feel it so like myself, indeed, so brotherly, made me realize that I'd been happy, and that I was happy still

[becky221_1 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

(Read in 2009.) Interesting read about a “loner” who buries his mother and then finds himself with the wrong kind of friends. He eventually kills another man and ends up on death row for the crime. The loner’s point of view is quite interesting – he seems to be short on emotion, not too attached to anything in his life---mother, girlfriend, friends. It seems he is just easy going and a bit disinterested in life in general. His only emotional outburst comes at the end of the story after the priest tries to convince him to turn to God and repent. I like that he does not capitulate but (finally) verbalizes his right to live his life as his own.

[shamille_1 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

Before you read this, you need to know that Albert Camus was an existentialist. An existentitalist does not care that they got killed in a car (Camus got killed in a car) because they are not aware that life is completely and utterly fabulous and beautiful. We read a packet thing on Albert Camus and his picture in there and I must say, he looked rather dashing and mysterious even though he seemed short.The Stranger is about this guy named Mersault, who is unaware that his life is fabulous. His mom just died, and he doesn't care, because "everyone dies". He's in this fabulous relationship with Marie (who is obviously pretty because she wants to marry him and Mersault is hot (trust me he is) and that adds to his life being fabulous and it gives a greater disappointment that he doesn't know it). But anyway I think Marie is cool because she's a nice girl but she eventually gives up on Meursault and realizes he won't really love her. Yeah, she visits him and jail and writes him some, but then she's like, You don't even miss me? Well to 'ell with you then.This guy's DOG runs away/dies and the guy cares more about his dog than Mersault cares about his mom.Anyway, Mersault was walking on the sunny Algerian coast, probably looking fabulous in whatever bathing suits early-mid-1900s men wore, and because the sun gets in his eyes he shoots this Arab guy. And he's not even sorry, it just happened, it was because of the sun.The Stranger is a book worth reading because it gives you a not-so-normal point of view. The book is told first-person, through the eyes of Mersault. So you think his life is normal, but really, if the book's narrator was a third-person omniscient one, you would see that it's Drama DORAMA all around. I love Meursault still though. Because he is fabulously nonchalant even though that makes him an unfeeling "monster".If you ever read this and (God forbid) have to write an essay about it, two symbols in the book are the Sun and heat(DER) and groups of people judging Meursault (His mom's friend at her vigil and the jury). Also the old guy serves as a grief-foil for Meursault or something like that. That wouldn't help you, but the essay questions we actually got came straight off of SparkNotes. The internet is corrupting even the most traditional teachers!

[k8_not_kate · Nota: 1 de 5 estrelas]

Straight-up didn't care what happened to the main character EVER as I read this. Probably because I am not an existentialist, I simply didn't get where this book was going. It read like an awful dream--the kind where you wake up and it puts a damper on your whole day. I was a bit younger when I first picked it up, so maybe it deserves another read, but I only remember wondering why Camus ever took the time to write this.

[borrows0n0wants · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

This book is absolutely beautiful. Camus has wonderful writing technique and the content is interesting. I'm sure I didn't read into this as deeply as I should have, but I still pulled a lot away from the book. Definitely one worth a reread.... or four. Loved it.

[longhorndaniel · Nota: 2 de 5 estrelas]

Very depressing; don't feel like it deserved the attention it got.

[skavlanj · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

A Book You Can Finish In A DayI need to add an addendum to the category I assigned The Stranger to: But Not Fully Appreciate. Until the final chapter, this is a book whose first person narrator Meursault relates his personal history as if he were observing, rather than living, his life. He is not even a particularly interested observer, relating many of the events as though he is a reporter covering a slow news day. Although he leads a normal life from the standpoint of activities (friends, work, sex), he is detached from his life - indeed, often bored at the moments other people would be most emotionally invested. He is so disinvested in his mother's death that he is uncertain as to whether she died the day he received the telegram or the day before, and takes no interest in determining which day it occurred on. He does not even know his mother's age. He agrees to marry the woman he is sleeping with (you cannot describe his involvement with her in romantic terms) but readily admits he probably doesn't love her and would marry another woman that asked. Even his killing of a man he has no reason to kill is a mechanical act related in purely clinical fashion.In Part Two we watch the events of the first part spun into a sinister tale by the prosecutor, leading to a sentence of death. Yet even this outcome doesn't change his demeanor. It is only a priest's attempt to get him to repent that finally provokes him to anger and an outpouring of his nihilistic outlook on life. The book's summation is both incredibly well written and incredibly morose. I find Meursault's acceptance of "the benign indifference of the universe" and his belief that we are all equally condemned regardless of our actions a poor excuse of a philosophy. My copy included an insert written by Camus over a decade after the book's publication. In it he characterizes his antihero as dying for the "truth", which I interpret (and reject) as: only by accepting the meaninglessness of life can we live to the fullest.An interesting book that I enjoyed in spite of my disagreement with Camus' personal beliefs.

[reysbro_1 · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

an easy read yet insightful deep and socially profound in it's underlying criticism

[duck2ducks · Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas]

Have been meaning to read for years. Amazing stuff. I love the minimalist style, and the inherent disconnect of Mersault. Apathy and cynicism are two major turn-offs for me, but I found his apathy incredibly fascinating, really. How he's always been little more than a passenger in his own life. Inspiring, oddly enough - it makes me want to go out and take part in everything.

[antao-3 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

As a dilettante translator I find this book fascinating, even though I don’t read French.Literary texts are sacred and you cannot alter them; translations on the other hand are a more or less faithful reflection of the original text, but can be altered, changed, or renewed. Did Proust write "Remembrance of Things Past" or "In Search of Time Lost" or “In Search of Lost Time"? My favourite is Gabrielle Roy's "Bonheur d'occasion" published in English as "The Tin Flute". As a general point, a translation transmigrates one text for another; often the "mistakes" don't matter (to the monoglot reader). On the other hand, the title is the only part of a work of literature known even to those who haven't read it. I note in passing that étranger “doesn’t just mean "stranger" but also "foreigner", and in the colonial context, that could have been a possibility too. It's a bit like 9 to 5 by Sheena Easton and 9 to 5 by Dolly Parton.I am very much of the view that it is a disservice to Camus to read L'Etranger as an allegory of abstract existentialism. It is essentially a reflection on the unique colonial experience that was French Algeria, and, in that aspect, the book should be taken as underlining that that experience was tragic, as for the Pieds-Noirs in general, and tragic in a personal sense for Camus himself. Camus was one of the greatest representatives of liberal universalism of the last century, and yet the liberal universalism that he expounded left him an outsider/stranger/foreigner within Algeria, once the war of independence began, and at the same time intellectually homeless in the France whose civilisation he was steeped in and to which he was culturally and politically committed. Had Camus lived to pass his 101st birthday, as with Herman Wouk, he might have felt vindicated by the collapse of Marxism-Leninism in Eastern Europe, but I am sure that he would have found the War on Terror to leave him feeling even stranger, foreign and an outsider in relation to the things that he cared about. When one surveys the horrors of the contemporary, who does not conclude that they stand as a stranger, outsider or foreigner as to what unfolds?Meursault is a lonely, asocial, anomic outsider but (or because of it) he is also a foreigner, in that he is an European Frenchman in Algeria. Algeria is everywhere in the book and Algerians are glimpsed, as foreign characters themselves. Camus, an European Frenchman born to dirt-poor parents in Algeria, was acutely aware of that hiatus between perceived nationalities, which had yet to develop into the Algerian War. Camus saw himself primarily as a philosopher and a political writer. His novels always had to read from a political perspective - The Plague being a case in point. "The Foreigner" would be provocative, as the accepted notion then was that Algeria's inhabitants were French. But "L'Etranger" carried the same provocation, and IMHO on purpose. I would go for The Outsider as the correct translation, personally, but that's for three simple reasons:Being also a "translator", I would by instinct (all due of course to personal experience) have opted for “Outsider” over “Stranger”...Meursault is part and not part of this world...he seems often to inhabit it in body only...his mine free, critical, questioning...he's far beyond those around him...outside of the expected norm... of course that could all be a subjective response on my part, due to the way i identify with the main character...In Spanish the translation of the book takes another direction altogether... El Extranjero... that is, the "Foreigner"... which in many respects could be both a stranger and an outsider...or perhaps even a fusion of both... A better title for the book could have been THE MISFIT, because the idea for the main character is that he doesn´t fit in the world where he lives and the morality of that society.If Camus wrote it now, the book presumably wouldn`t be published, or at best would be torn apart by the critics. A book where the non-white, non-Christian locals barely get a look-in. How absolutely appalling.NB: Despite being, since the 1930s, a staunch defender of indigenous Algerians against the injustices of the French colonial system, Camus was against Algerian independence, fearing that there would be no place for European Algerians in an independent Algeria ruled by the FLN, and that it would be disastrous for the Algerians too. While his hopes for a more enlightened French approach were illusory, his fears were not misplaced. The challenges of semiotics can be rather intense, especially in relation to geniuses such as Camus... It's one of my favourite novels, and my copy has always been the British translation.

[akmargie · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

Something about what was going on in my life lead me to a deep connection to this book I don't think I could replicate.

[jasminejustine · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

I had to read this for a class and i really loved it. Its easy to read but there is so much you can get out of it the more you look for it. Really simplistic and beautiful. A French classic that Americans stole for their own.

[wirkman_1 · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

"Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday; I can't be sure."A classic opening to a classic novel.Most of what is said of this novel is utter bilge. And yet, it is a great work, deserving of its classic status.Hint: read Walter Kauffmann on the book. He's one of the few commentators who does not fall all over himself with trendy gibberish. He reads it as a challenge, but also as (if 30 years passage since reading his commentary can be relied upon) as cautionary literature, with some philosophical irony.And by the way, am I the only one to regard the Coen brothers' film "The Man Who Wasn't There" as inspired by "The Stranger"?

[philosophywolfe · Nota: 3 de 5 estrelas]

Not bad. It appears to have all the quintessential characteristics of the existentialist novel. There truly is no plot. However its philosophical merits outweigh any lack in entertainment value.

[kylekatz · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

1942, Algerian. I always thought Camus was French, but apparently he's Algierian. This little but bizarre book features a man condemned to die, at least partially because he didn't cry at his mother's funeral. I couldn't quite decide what the point was, but I think it was to show the criminal mind. He seems to have no moral compass and no strong feelings about anything one way or another. I wanted to feel sorry for him, but he really didn't seem human and I couldn't like him at all. I would have preferred to understand him. I don't believe criminals are necessarily monsters. I would have liked to be able to understand his motivation instead, but he doesn't seem to have one. Somehow he just passively had happened to murder someone and be condemned to death. He would perhaps prefer not to die, but he isn't that fussed about it either. Didn't like it, but it definitely had a kind of awesome feeling.

[stephenbarkley · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

Have you ever dreamed that you committed murder only to awake in a panic about the consequences? The Stranger is a short, simple, and strangely disturbing philosophical novel of casual murder and its consequences. I mentioned dreaming because as you read the work, you almost get the impression that the main character is dreaming his way through his life and crime. It feels to casual to be real.This novel gripped me in a couple different ways:1. The apathy and lack of engagement in life on the part of the protagonist echoes the way we live life on the surface today. Camus nailed that attitude over 60 years ago.2. The protagonist's atheism, especially as it clashed with the prison chaplain's worldview, forces the reader to contemplate death and the afterlife. I found it profound that a clash with religion (even to reject it) was the major cathartic moment in the killer's life.This novel deserves its fame. If you want to reflect on life as you live it, The Stranger will get the gears spinning.

[jeroenberndsen · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

l'étranger is een van de meest bekende voorbeelden van absurdistische fictie en wordt gezien als een van de grote literaire werken van de 20e eeuw.Daar moet ook ik het mee doen, aangezien ik vergeten ben waar hij over ging (tien jaar terug, 5VWO) en mijn Frans nu te slecht is. Sartre ging ook al niet meer. Maar hier gaat hij over:*possible Spoilers*''The novel tells the story of a man, Meursault (not to be confused with Patrice Mersault, from Camus' first novel A Happy Death), who eventually kills a man. The story continues as Meursault waits to be executed. The book uses a pre-World War II Algerian setting drawn from Camus's own upbringing.At the start of the novel, Meursault attends his mother's funeral, where he does not express any usual emotions that such an event often induces. He is asked to see the body of his mother but refuses to do so. The novel goes on to document the next few days of his life through the first person point-of-view. He then befriends one of his neighbours, Raymond Sintès, whom Meursault aids in dismissing his Arab girlfriend because Raymond suspects her of infidelity. Later, Raymond and Meursault encounter her brothers on a beach. Raymond gets cut in a resulting knife fight. After retreating, Meursault returns to the beach and shoots one of them in response to the glare of the sun. Consequently, "The Arab" is killed. Meursault then fires four more times into the dead body.At the trial, the prosecuting attorneys seem more interested in the inability or unwillingness of Meursault to cry at his mother's funeral than the murder of The Arab, because they don't believe him capable of remorse. The argument follows that if Meursault is incapable of remorse, he should be considered a dangerous misanthrope who should be executed in order to set an example for others who consider murder.As the novel comes to a close, Meursault meets with a chaplain and becomes enraged by the chaplain's insistence that he turn to God. The novel ends with Meursault recognizing the universe's indifference toward humankind. The final lines echo his new realization: "As if that blind rage had washed me clean, rid me of hope; for the first time, in that night alive with signs and stars, I opened myself to the gentle indifference of the world. Finding it so much like myself — so like a brother, really — I felt that I had been happy and that I was happy again. For everything to be consummated, for me to feel less alone, I had only to wish that there be a large crowd of spectators the day of my execution and that they greet me with cries of hate.'' (bron: wiki)

[ashryan_1 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

This is a book I thought I should read, but did not particularly expect to enjoy. And many of its elements are not what I generally look for in a novel: almost entirely unsympathetic characters, an extremely slowly-paced story and an almost nonsensical plot, a worldview with which I profoundly disagree in some important respects. None of those things by itself necessarily makes for a bad novel, but all of them together? By all rights, I should have hated this book! And yet...I didn't. There is something about Camus's use of language, the structure of the story, that pulls you in almost against your will. I found myself deeply absorbed in this strange character and his stranger life, unlikable as he may have been. And at the end, I found myself satisfied with the conclusion. On reflection, from a certain standpoint, Mersault's final change in his fundamental outlook on life and attitude toward existence doesn't seem to make much sense...but as you're reading it, in the context of the novel, it makes for a powerful esthetic experience. If this review seems a bit inconsistent, it's because I really can't explain my reaction to this novel. All I can say is, I liked it, even if I don't know exactly why. Maybe that isn't entirely helpful, but who knows? even if you think you won't, give it a try and you might like it, too.

[magadri-1 · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

This book is absolutely beautiful. Camus has wonderful writing technique and the content is interesting. I'm sure I didn't read into this as deeply as I should have, but I still pulled a lot away from the book. Definitely one worth a reread.... or four. Loved it.

[dcwillis_1 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

I don't understand why this book won the Nobel Prize. For the most part, I usually understand books we have to read in class. I understand them, I get those themes, I see that symbolism, I get why they're classics, I'm very ready for discussions on them.

With this one I'm extremely confused. I liked the book, like the way it was written, liked the sparse descriptions and the switches in mood as the story goes along.

I felt a strong reaction toward the main character, Meursault. At first I was in complete and utter disbelief about him. I couldn't believe that anyone could POSSIBLY be that apathetic. But, then, as the story wore on I became sympathetic toward him.

It was a very good book...but what pushed someone to give it the Nobel Prize!? It's not better than any other book I've ever read. It's not *that* well written. Perhaps, in it's time, it was ground breaking? But in this time period I'm just thinking, "I've seen it done before." So, for the writing and the strong character reaction: I give it 3.5 stars.

[moonglade_1 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

A simple and quick, but rich read. Camus relates his take on existentialism through Mersault, a peculiar man that seemingly lacks morals. Mersault acts as an objective sieve that filters the events that occur around him. As most of us place view the events that occur in our lives with feelings and sentiments, the view that Mersault presents us are a bit shocking. The lack of general emotion that Mersault displays, his detachment from things generally valued (marriage, maternal love, etc.), and the way he only seems to care about his immediate needs (hunger, heat, etc) make him appear as a strange person or a "stranger". The revelation that Mersault experiences after being condemned to death is the pivotal part of the novel. Why not do things for the sake of satisfying our most immediate needs? Since we are all likewise condemned to die, why do we place values on the events in our life or the decisions we make? It is at this moment that Mersault realizes the indifference of the world to man.

[bakabaka84 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

Camus' famous book that explores the nature of the man confronting the absurd. While on the surface the story might seem commonplace, a man kills another and then I tried for it, yet the actual purpose of the story is an analogy of the Philosophy of the absurd. The basic gist of the absurd is that human lives have no rational meaning or order and that yet because we can't accept this we try and create structure and meaning in our life.In the context of the book the trial is supposed to represent our attempt to make a rational explanation about a seemingly irrational act, the killing of the man with no apparent motive. There are also other themes that run through the book such as the arbitrary nature of justice and the reverence for the physical world.Overall this short book has multiple layers of meaning and is well worth the read but be warned if you look at it only for the narrative of the story you might be disappointing.

[liberality_1 · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

I started reading this book last night and several times I had to put it down because I became so angry over the lack of emotion the central character has. Camus gives us one terrible example after another of our cruelty to others and then someone asks the central character how he feels about that and he answers that he does not care over and over again. Even though this is a small novel I can see it will take me a while to finish it because I find it so disturbing. Abuse to the elderly, to animals, to women are the examples Camus has given in the novel so far and each time I have to put the book down to reflect and calm down. I can see why he is considered a good writer--getting such an emotional response from me, the reader, so quickly and easily. I wonder if he is examining someone who is a sociopath because of his complete lack of engagement with others.

[carmenere_1 · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

I truly loved this story as well as my introduction to Camus. It was weird, his writing style gave me the feeling that I was watching a B movie but not in a negative way. Having much of this book take place in Algiers gave it an esoteric and other worldly atmosphere. It gave the reader the impression of being an observer into the world of the protagonist, Meursault. He seems to be ambivilent about many things and virtually emotionless where others would certainly be affected. He lets the world pass before his eyes without being much aprt of it. He seems to be just an observer, as well, even when he commits an act that will change his life completely.A real page turner and very thought provoking.

[thorold_1 · Nota: 5 de 5 estrelas]

I'm not going to attempt to post a proper review of L'Ètranger: there are enough here keep anyone going for a lifetime (including a very good and thorough one by baswood). Anyway, the previous time I read it, a couple of decades ago, it was in order to write an essay about it. Suffice it to say that I was struck this time by what a very good writer Camus was. To file this book away as nothing more than a case-study in existentialist philosophy is to do him a serious disservice. There is a lot of very clever and exact use of language going on, and a remarkable number of passages that stick in your mind simply for the cleanness and elegance of their phrasing.

[dnewsome_10 · Nota: 1 de 5 estrelas]

This has to be the most depressing book I have ever read. I think this is the first and last book out of the existential genre that I will ever read.

[thebookmagpie · Nota: 4 de 5 estrelas]

I can't decide on a rating for this - I'm going to have to think about it some more. Definitely brilliant, I'm just not sure how I feel about it!